Archive for the ‘English/Language Arts’ Category

On Speaking and Writing

Thursday, May 12th, 2011

For all English Language Arts teachers, worrying over your students’ mastery of the SL’s and W’s of the new standards, Vanity Fair has a beautiful piece by Christopher Hitchens on life, teaching and the spoken and written voice:

“To my writing classes I used later to open by saying that anybody who could talk could also write. Having cheered them up with this easy-to-grasp ladder, I then replaced it with a huge and loathsome snake: ‘How many people in this class, would you say, can talk? I mean really talk?’ That had its duly woeful effect. I told them to read every composition aloud, preferably to a trusted friend. The rules are much the same: Avoid stock expressions (like the plague, as William Safire used to say) and repetitions. Don’t say that as a boy your grandmother used to read to you, unless at that stage of her life she really was a boy, in which case you have probably thrown away a better intro. If something is worth hearing or listening to, it’s very probably worth reading. So, this above all: Find your own voice.”

Real Literacy, and How to Assess It

Tuesday, May 10th, 2011

Today, we’re looking back to an important little piece on literacy and assessment by E.D. Hirsch and Robert Pondisco. With the current controversy over common standards and assessments, it’s worth a read. From the article:

“Schools and teachers may indeed be making a Herculean effort to raise reading scores, but these efforts do little to improve reading achievement and to prepare children for college, a career, and a lifetime of productive, engaged citizenship. This wasted effort is not because our teachers are lazy or of low quality. Rather, too many of our schools labor under fundamental misconceptions about reading comprehension — how it works, how to improve it, and how to test it. …

“Think of reading as a two-lock box, requiring two keys to open. The first key is decoding skills. The second key is oral language, vocabulary, and domain — specific or background knowledge sufficient to understand what is being decoded. Even this simple understanding of reading enables us to see that the very idea of an abstract skill called ‘reading comprehension’ is ill-informed. Yet most U.S. schools teach reading as if both decoding and comprehension are transferable skills. Worse, we test our children’s reading ability without regard to whether we have given them the requisite background knowledge they need to be successful.”

The Liberal Arts: Created Equal?

Thursday, February 17th, 2011

We have to agree with Alfie Kohn—again. In today’s Washington Post’s “Answer Sheet,” Kohn comments on education’s current obsession (witness its prominence in Obama’s proposed education budget) with science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education:

“Thought experiment: Try to imagine this, or any other, president giving a speech that calls for a major new commitment to the teaching of literature, backed by generous funding (even during a period of draconian budget cuts). …

“Yeah. Right.”

With that bit of sarcasm, he discusses why STEM subjects attract so much more money and attention than the other subjects. Society—read public officials and corporate executives—values STEM more than the other subjects, says Kohn, for reasons ranging from our obsession with the hard objectivity of numbers, with economic competition, with money.

And he says, “The real question we should be asking when we hear yet another speech arguing, explicitly or implicitly, for the unique importance of STEM disciplines is What does this say about the speakers—or our society’s—beliefs about the point of education itself?”

He quotes Berkeley linguist Robin Lakoff “who called on us to recognize education’s ‘less practical (but equally vital) functions.’ … [E]ducation is invaluable not only in its ability to help people and societies get ahead, but equally in helping them develop the perspectives that make them fully human.’”

To put a Carol Jago spin on the issue: Do we want Deltas (de-emotionalized beings from Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World) or human beings, prepared heart and mind “for whatever the future may hold”?

Well, when you put it that way … .

Stephanie Porowski

China Wins!!!

Tuesday, December 7th, 2010

The new PISA results are out and they are fascinating, though not because the US’s lackluster performance has changed much. We’re still well below average in math (tying Ireland to rank 31st and well behind Estonia, Slovenia, and three different testing regions in China). We remain solidly average in reading, coming in 17th (deadlocked with Poland and Iceland). Our “big news” is that we moved up to a single point above average in science. America’s 15-year-olds now rank 23rd in the world in science.

The Chinese, meanwhile, participating in PISA for the first time, tested at the top in every subject. And it wasn’t even close. Students in Shanghai bested the previous top placeholder on the PISA math test–Singapore–by almost 40 points. US students fell 113 points behind their Chinese peers in math and 56 points behind in reading. And even our new and improved science score trailed China’s by 73 points.

Arne Duncan calls these scores “a wake-up call.” You think? I’m going to go out on limb here and predict that the Obama administration will use these scores as further fuel to do more of the same–push charters, promote merit pay, and spend more and more. We don’t oppose spending more on education or evaluating teachers more accurately, or creating more ways to deliver education. But there’s no evidence these activities are going to boost our students’ performance.

The Chinese are almost exclusively focused on getting their students to meet high standards in a wide range of subjects that have been spelled out in clear curriculum guidance that has been provided to all schools and teachers. They focus on what students should learn. While we are focused on how, where, when, why they learn.

Until we pour our attention and resources into high quality curricula that are proven to work we’ll continue to be average.

Lynne Munson

Words to Teach By

Monday, November 29th, 2010

The wisdom and power of Carol Jago’s presidential address to the 99th annual meeting of the National Council for the Teaching of English earlier this month reminded us that there’s simply no better advocate for great teaching than great teachers themselves.  Here’s a sample.  We hope you will read more.

“If we care only about keeping our kids satisfied with their lot as Deltas [de-emotionalized beings from Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World], turning the language arts curriculum into a giant online game may be an excellent plan.  If, on the other hand, we believe that our mission as teachers is to prepare students for life in the real world, teaching literature seems to me a much superior one.  We need to help kids figure out how to make this a better, not an alternate universe.”

And,

“I do not believe that teaching literature should be about dragging students kicking and screaming through works they hate and poems they find opaque.  It should be about nurturing the next generation of readers – readers who one day may choose to buy a ticket for a performance of Macbeth, who will excitedly order the latest Cormac McCarthy for their Kindles and Nooks, who can find solace in poetry during times of trouble.  Much is made of the economic impact of education, but I’m more concerned about preparing students’ hearts and minds for whatever the future may hold.”

Lynne Munson

Cutting Shakespeare for Stephenie Meyer?

Tuesday, October 19th, 2010

During my time teaching secondary English, I was more than once guilty of recommending Twilight to reluctant readers.  But, like most hard-working teachers, I sought to base my instruction on high quality, challenging literature.

Disturbingly, the latest report on high school English curricula from the Association of Literary Scholars, Critics and Writers shows I wasn’t alone in my occasional reliance on adolescent fiction.

More than ever, students are meeting unchallenging content in their courses.  The report lists the top 40 texts read by high school students — revealing an average readability on a middle school level.  Rather than learning to carefully read and analyze a text, students are increasingly encouraged to “read a literary work as if it were a reading comprehension exercise (i.e., devoid of a literary history or literary context) or a Rorschach blog (i.e., meaning whatever the student chooses to see in it).”

Notably, only a third of text selections come from a coherent curriculum. Without core content, teachers and students have greater freedom to make their own literary choices.  Freedom’s not all bad, of course.  Students should learn to choose quality books, to read for pleasure.  But, not surprisingly, students are choosing to read Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows instead of The Scarlet Letter.  And high school graduates’ steep college remediation numbers and falling reading and writing scores make me question the content (or lack thereof) of the courses they took.

The long-term trends identified in this report indicate that many states, without the guidance of coherent curricula, are set for collision with the new Common Core State Standards.  Standards mean little without the means to reach them.  Quality curriculum materials are needed now, more than ever.

Stephanie Porowski

Schwarzenegger Vetoes Curriculum-Narrowing Bill

Monday, October 4th, 2010

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger has done what few others state leaders have — pushed back against efforts to water down education.  In an unexpected and last-minute move, the Governor vetoed AB 2446 late last week.  The bill would have effectively eliminated the arts and foreign language graduation requirement from California high schools by allowing students to take “career tech” courses including “Food for Singles,” instead.  Common Core published seven blogs over 14 days providing research to show that AB 2446 would have negative implications for California students.  Enrollments in foreign language and arts courses would have declined, an acute travesty in the state with more non-English speakers than any other.  As states, districts, and schools have come to focus more and more narrowly on reading and math, subjects such as arts and foreign language are being left behind.  We’re terribly encouraged to see California resist this trend.

Lynne Munson

Reading, the Untweet

Thursday, September 30th, 2010

English teacher Carol Jago, who is also president of the National Council of Teachers of English, has published a provocative commentary in this month’s Council Chronicle. In “A Literary Education–Priceless” Jago argues that there continue to be a raft of reasons to read excellent literature, and insists that students still have time to read books, despite claims to the contrary. We recommend reading the whole article (just like we recommend that students read whole books), but here’s a brief excerpt to heighten your interest:

“Your students won’t read 19th-century novels, you say? Too long? Too boring? That 21st-century students raised on Twitter need a faster pace? I say English class may be the last place where they can unplug themselves from the solipsism of Facebook postings and enter a milieu different from their own in order to learn about human problems worthy of attention. “But my students won’t do the homework reading I assign,” teachers wail.  It isn’t as though students don’t have the time.  A 2010 study by the Kaiser Family Foundation reports that children aged eight to eighteen spend an average of seven and a half hours a day “consuming entertainment media.” And this does not include the hour and a half a day they spend texting friends. Our students have the time to read; they simply choose not to. Teachers and parents need to help young people make better decisions about their use of time. What will it matter if the U.S. wins the economic race to the top if we lose all feeling for others apart from those in our close and closed circle of friends in the process? Reading literature nurtures empathy. Your students won’t read 19th-century novels, you say? Too long?  Too boring? That 21st-century students raised on Twitter need a faster pace? I say English class may be the last place where they can unplug themselves from the solipsism of Facebook postings and enter a milieu different from their own in order to learn about human problems worthy of attention. “But my students won’t do the homework reading I assign,” teachers wail. It isn’t as though students don’t have the time. A 2010 study by the Kaiser Family Foundation reports that children aged eight to eighteen spend an average of seven and a half hours a day “consuming entertainment media.” And this does not include the hour and a half a day they spend texting friends. Our students have the time to read; they simply choose not to. Teachers and parents need to help young people make better decisions about their use of time. What will it matter if the U.S. wins the economic race to the top if we lose all feeling for others apart from those in our close and closed circle of friends in the process? Reading literature nurtures empathy.”

Please, read on.

Lynne Munson

Not Merely “Aligned”

Thursday, August 19th, 2010

In March, EdWeek’s Catherine Gewertz ran a long article on the race to develop supporting materials for the new common standards. Now that 36 states (and counting) have adopted the standards, it’s worth revisiting what’s meant by “alignment,” since everyone’s begun claiming that their product or service is “aligned” to the CCSS.  That’s exactly why, in Gewertz’s piece, Jack Jennings and Russ Whitehurst advised everyone to exercise caution when encountering the phrase “aligned.”

Today Common Core released its curriculum maps for K-12 ELA. These entirely new maps, drafted by teachers, are based on the common standards. Not merely aligned to them.  We did not take a pre-existing document and alter it to claim standards alignment.  With encouragement from NGA and support from the Gates Foundation we took the standards along with the recommended exemplar texts and used them as the basis for creating new curriculum maps that we believe teachers today will be excited to use.  We even tapped the same expert who worked on the reading standards for the CCSS to create a new pacing guide for the teaching of reading customized to our maps. And of course our maps address every standard (we’ve included grade-by-grade standards checklists to prove it).

We didn’t merely align something with the CCSS.  We took our inspiration from the high bar the CCSS set, and tried to create curriculum materials worthy of the new standards.  Please look at the maps and tell us if you think we’ve been successful.

James Elias

Where’s the Beef?

Wednesday, June 2nd, 2010

EdWeek and Joanne Jacobs have brought new attention to the College Board’s SpringBoard program. According to the College Board’s materials, SpringBoard “enables students to build the skills and understanding they need for success in AP courses and college-level work without remediation.

Not so fast. Tampa Bay Online provides a useful comparison of Hillsborough County’s (FL) old English curriculum with the SpringBoard program, and the differences are distressing. In 12th grade, for instance, SpringBoard replaces a unit on the English Renaissance (Spenser, Raleigh, Shakespeare, and the King James Bible) with a unit on My Fair Lady, The Manchurian Candidate, Nine to Five, Cinderella, and The Legend of Bagger Vance. 12th grade Victorian literature (Tennyson, the Brownings, Kipling, Dickens, Bronte) is replaced by a current events unit focusing on the Waco massacre, Buffalo Springfield’s “For What It’s Worth,” and newspaper editorials (which SpringBoard also emphasizes in 11th grade).

Some teachers are pushing back, as well they should, since SpringBoard is totally unlike AP or college-level instruction. Unsurprisingly, SpringBoard advocates claim that critics are missing the point, as teacher Alice Wurkovich puts it: “It’s about being able to critically read. If you can read, you can read the classics on your own.” We’ve heard that one before.

James Elias