Archive for February, 2011

What Dropping American Government Could Mean for Maryland

Thursday, February 24th, 2011

Why are Governor O’Malley and Maryland legislators going out of their way to anger the state’s school teachers and jeopardize students’ reading performance? The budget that has been offered by the Governor and is now in the General Assembly drops the state’s high school exit exam in American government. This is a test Maryland teachers are enthusiastic about, in part because the existence of the test gives the subject of government standing in the curriculum and keeps it from getting sidelined by more test prep in reading and math skills.

Also, if Maryland wants to maintain its impressive performance on the NAEP reading test the state would be wise to hang on to the American government test. Evidence shows that it is by increasing students’ knowledge of a wide range of subjects, including civics, that students become better readers. Dropping the test may not only guarantee that Maryland high schoolers will graduate knowing less about our nation’s government, but that they will be poorer readers, too. Is that a gamble Maryland’s elected leaders are willing to take?

Lynne Munson

Need Content? Just Google It!

Tuesday, February 22nd, 2011

Common Core’s critique of the 21st century skills movement has highlighted the opinions of a host of scholars including Dan Willingham, Diane Ravitch, and E.D. Hirsch, each of whom exposed deep flaws in the program put forth by the Partnership for 21st Century Skills. Today, we’re bringing you the observations of another expert. And, this time, it is someone tasked with delivering 21st century skills-based education every day.

Emma Bryant is a pseudonym for a teacher at a New Tech High School. There are 62 New Tech High Schools in 14 states across the country. Substantial funding from corporations and foundations ensures that these schools are outfitted with all of the best and latest learning technology. And, even though the New Tech Network’s website says that the schools’ mission is to help students gain both ”the knowledge and skills they need,” skills take top priority–at least according to Emma.

Over the course of the next few months Common Core will be publishing a series of guest blogs by Emma, who will be describing her first-hand experience with 21st century-skills education.

_________________

I teach in a school that typifies skills-based education. We practice project based learning, utilize the latest technology, and hold to a mission of helping our students acquire “21st century skills.” We work diligently to replace traditional classroom norms with those of corporate culture so that our students will someday thrive in an increasingly competitive global marketplace — a new world demanding innovation, collaboration, and critical thinking.

Unfortunately, bowing to the norms of 21st century business interests leaves little room anything else. Literature, poetry, music, theater, or even a solid understanding of history are either omitted or given short shrift in favor of developing skills. Utility takes precedence over “fluff” and most content, after all, can be Googled anyway.

So, how does my school help build the much-hyped 21st century skills? Roughly once a month we present students with a new project which must result in a “product.” According to our model the more “real world” the product, the better. Real world, meaning the product mirrors what could reasonably be demanded in a corporate setting — from a redesigned company logo and slogan to a promotional video or a press release. Students work in small teams to complete projects, with each team member receiving the same grade at the end. After all, it’s not about what individual students learn but the final product. Students are assessed on a handful of learning outcomes — collaboration, communication, innovation, work ethic, technological literacy, information literacy and content. Content usually makes up between 15 and 30 percent of a student’s grade.

So, what is the role of content in a 21st century classroom? Content is a shopping list of rubric indicators to be applied to the product. For example, students might work a quote from a short story into a reworded company slogan. Or perhaps they might work with Photoshop to create a company logo depicting an event from European history. They might write a press release in the style of a founding American document or create a user’s manual for a product using a particular rhetorical device mentioned in our state’s English Language Arts standards.

Apart from being grafted onto “real world” products, content is rarely discussed in the classroom. Instead, students deal with content in teams or individually, with little to no scaffolding from the teacher. Dialogue, questions, critical thinking, and debate surrounding content are low on the list of things you will see in a 21st century classroom. And so students end up with convoluted ideas about history, a cursory understanding of and appreciation for literature, and a shaky foundation in math and science.

Emma Bryant

The Liberal Arts: Created Equal?

Thursday, February 17th, 2011

We have to agree with Alfie Kohn—again. In today’s Washington Post’s “Answer Sheet,” Kohn comments on education’s current obsession (witness its prominence in Obama’s proposed education budget) with science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) education:

“Thought experiment: Try to imagine this, or any other, president giving a speech that calls for a major new commitment to the teaching of literature, backed by generous funding (even during a period of draconian budget cuts). …

“Yeah. Right.”

With that bit of sarcasm, he discusses why STEM subjects attract so much more money and attention than the other subjects. Society—read public officials and corporate executives—values STEM more than the other subjects, says Kohn, for reasons ranging from our obsession with the hard objectivity of numbers, with economic competition, with money.

And he says, “The real question we should be asking when we hear yet another speech arguing, explicitly or implicitly, for the unique importance of STEM disciplines is What does this say about the speakers—or our society’s—beliefs about the point of education itself?”

He quotes Berkeley linguist Robin Lakoff “who called on us to recognize education’s ‘less practical (but equally vital) functions.’ … [E]ducation is invaluable not only in its ability to help people and societies get ahead, but equally in helping them develop the perspectives that make them fully human.’”

To put a Carol Jago spin on the issue: Do we want Deltas (de-emotionalized beings from Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World) or human beings, prepared heart and mind “for whatever the future may hold”?

Well, when you put it that way … .

Stephanie Porowski

Where’s the History (in U.S. history standards)?

Thursday, February 17th, 2011

Fordham released their The State of State U.S. History Standards in 2011 yesterday, and the state of this all-important subject is, well, ugly.

Judging standards on their “content and rigor” and “clarity and specificity,” the report deems most (28) states’ standards “mediocre-to-awful,” with grades of D or F.  Eighteen states receive failing grades. Only South Carolina earns an A, while six states—AlabamaCaliforniaIndianaMassachusettsNew York and the District of Columbia—earn A-minuses.

The report’s authors, Drs. Stern and Stern (Sheldon Stern leads the American History Project; Jeremy Stern is an educational consultant), blame the standards’ failings on a foggy understanding of social studies. Choosing to focus on concepts spanning geography, (a touch of) history, civics, economics, social justice and who-knows-what-else, the standards’ writers deny students the narrative of history. Organizing their standards “according to themes or strands rather than content or chronology,” the writers leave no room for the context, the characters and, ultimately, the why’s of history.

“Because social studies practitioners focus more on skill acquisition than knowledge acquisition, students wind up with little true understanding of history,” say the Sterns.  The same could be said of our nation’s approach to teaching reading and so many other subjects. Most state standards downgrade content to a mere “tool for understanding concepts” – concepts driven by biased (toward both sides of the political spectrum) perceptions of the world.

According to the report: “Maryland’s standards, for example, declare that students ‘will use historical thinking skills’ to ‘examine significant ideas, beliefs, and themes; organize patterns and events; and analyze how individuals and societies have changed over time in Maryland and the United States.’ Yet … this broad assertion is accompanied by little or no historical content, so it’s unclear what knowledge students will deploy when exercising these ambitious ‘thinking skills.’”

Tellingly, not even half of 12th graders made the “basic” level of U.S. History proficiency on the 2006 National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP). Considering the shoddy standards, dwindling assessments, and inattention to history across the states, we expect performance on NAEP 2010 to be even worse.

Stephanie Porowski

STEM Spelled with a “T” Alone

Wednesday, February 9th, 2011

“I think we have overemphasized science at the expense of engineering and technology,” says National Assessment Governing Board member Alan Friedman, who is former head of the New York Hall of Science.

Really? Well, let’s look at the evidence that American schools have “overemphasized science.”

  • U.S. students’ NAEP science scores are abysmal.
  • Schools are reporting less participation in science fairs.
  • The U.S. ranks alongside Mexico and the Slovak Republic, near the bottom of the PISA and TIMSS science test.
  • The U.S. provides thousands of H1-B visas to scientists in other nations to bring their knowledge here.

Despite data indicating that taking more science courses can increase student performance (on NAEP’s own science assessment), we increasingly see “STEM” being implemented without the “S” (science) or “M” (mathematics).  In fact, even the “E” (engineering) in STEM is being contorted to fit an an almost solely technology-driven agenda.

Look at NAGB’s plan for its new Technology and Engineering Literacy assessment. It is all “T” (technology)–with a dose of sociology.

Here are the three major areas the new NAEP test will assess:

Technology and Society: the effects that technology has on society and the natural world and the ethical questions that rise from those effects.

Design and Systems: the nature of technology, the engineering design process by which technologies are developed, and basic principles of dealing with everyday technologies, including maintenance and troubleshooting.

Information and Communication Technology: computers and software learning tools, networking systems and protocols, hand-held digital devices, and other technologies for accessing, creating, and communicating information and for facilitating creative expression.

So NAEP’s definition of “engineering” doesn’t include, say, understanding how a dam works or why a skyscraper stands. This new test will assess only students’ understanding of the engineering related to the design, maintenance, and “troubleshooting” of technology (e.g. computers and hand-held digital devices). This list of topics reads like it was drawn up by the human resources folks at Apple, Dell, and Intel. The new NAEP test is a narrow skills assessment that will make a strange bedfellow among NAEP’s other, core-subject assessments in the arts, geography, history, civics, and the like. We hope NAGB will rethink its approach to this test and make it more compatible with its other assessments.

Lynne Munson