Archive for April, 2009

What do California and West Virginia have in common?

Monday, April 20th, 2009

California has long boasted exceptional state standards in the core subjects, and its History/Social Science Framework is a beacon of excellence. Meanwhile West Virginia’s standards range from mediocre (science) to awful (U.S. history).  According to the Fordham Institute, West Virginia’s US history standards “impart next to nothing of value.”  So why would California choose to follow West Virginia’s “lead” and embrace the 21st century skills movement?Bill Evers, former assistant secretary for policy at the Department of Education and longtime research fellow at the Hoover Institution, reports that California may move to water down its standards by adopting the 21st century skills framework.  Evers heard California State Schools Superintendent Jack O’Connell tell the EdSource Forum in Irvine that California ought to revise state standards:

“In order to fully engage both students and teachers in the learning process in a way that sees both parties benefit and helps to better prepare students for success in the economy of the 21st century.”

California’s History/Social Science Framework has held the bar high for Golden State students since 1998.  We humbly suggest that Superintendent O’Connell adhere to a tried-and-true maxim: If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.

Lynne Munson

Whatsoever Things Are True?

Friday, April 10th, 2009

I don’t agree with education writer Alfie Kohn about a whole lot.  He seems to think homework and grades are inherently bad.  And that we shouldn’t say “Good job!” to a child when he/she bests a challenge (Kohn thinks anything implying judgment should be avoided).  But when Kohn writes about 21st century education he’s a must-read.  Kohn points out that 21st century skills advocates proceed by asking “‘What do our corporations need?’ and work backwards from there.” Kohn goes on, writing from the 21st century skills perspective:”We must never forget the primary reason that children attend school – namely, to be trained in the skills that will maximize the profits earned by their future employers.  Indeed, we have already made great strides in shifting the conversation about education to what will prove useful in workplaces rather than wasting time discussing what might support “democracy” (an 18th-century notion, isn’t it?) or what might promote self development as an intrinsic good (a concept that goes back thousands of years and is therefore antiquated by definition).”

Alfie’s right. The college I attended had a Latin motto that translated to “Whatsoever things are true.”  If we look at education through the 21st century skills lens, I guess that would have to be recast as:  “Whatsoever things enrich corporate institutions.” It’s a shift worth contemplating.

Lynne Munson

Legislating P21

Monday, April 6th, 2009

In my previous blogs about the recent P21 event at NEA, I didn’t have a chance to describe the remarks of Barbara Pryor, a legislative assistant to Sen. Jay Rockefeller.  As evidence of the Senator’s fondness for P21, Pryor put forth S. 1483, the “21st Century Skills Incentive Fund Act.“  The bill would create an incentive fund for states to sign on to P21 and give tax breaks to corporations who support P21 at the state level.  Rockefeller introduced this bill in 2007 and Pryor announced that the senator will be reintroducing it again this spring.

If you read this bill-and I recommend you do-you’ll find that it would make P21 the gatekeeper of hundreds of millions in federal taxdollars.  That’s because the legislation would require any state that applies for these incentive funds first to be “approved as a 21st Century Partner State by the nonprofit, nonpartisan Partnership for 21st Century Skills.”  So if P21 doesn’t sign off on a particular state’s approach to integrating 21st century skills into its standards, tests, etc., that state would be ineligible to apply for federal incentive funds.  And corporate donations supporting that state’s efforts to adopt 21st century skills would not be tax-deductible-in other words, they would cease to exist.

If passed, this legislation would make P21′s approach to teaching 21st century skills the only federally sanctioned approach.  This is a whole lot of power.  Somewhat akin to the sort of sign-off accrediting agencies have on colleges and universities.  The incentive grants would total at least $100 million annually and the tax breaks could of course be worth far more.  We recommend that legislators think twice before granting P21 this kind of authority.

Lynne Munson

Literature Over Lunch

Friday, April 3rd, 2009

(We met teacher Diana Senechal when she took the train down from NYC to attend our February panel on 21st century skills.  She’s concerned about forces that are reducing students’ contact with high quality content, including fine literature.  We’re thrilled that Diana has agreed to serve as a guest contributor to Common Core’s blog.)

I teach literature and theatre at an elementary school in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn. One late afternoon in January, my principal called me into her office. “I have an idea for you,” she said. “I would like you to run two lunchtime literature clubs, just for girls in the fourth and fifth grades. I want them to read literature and really dig into it.”

I eagerly accepted. Literature is my field and lifelong love. At age five I could be heard howling late at night over the funny parts of Winnie-the-Pooh; at age nine I was reading Oscar Wilde’s plays and acting out all the parts. In high school I had wonderful English teachers who introduced me to some of my favorite authors, including Flannery O’Connor, William Faulkner, and T.S. Eliot. In college and graduate school I fell in love with the work of Nikolai Gogol and ended up writing my dissertation about him. I have translated poetry from the Lithuanian and read literature in a number of languages. Teaching literature would be natural for me, but literature is not taught much now.

It is somewhat unusual for children in New York City public schools to read literature together in class. Under Balanced Literacy (the mandated reading program), the lesson focuses not on specific books but on strategies. A teacher might give a short lesson on “making predictions.” Then the students work in groups, making predictions about the books they are reading.

This approach perplexes me. How could a strategy be as rich or memorable as a book itself? It is through delving into books that we learn how to read them; and when we read challenging books in school, together, with a good teacher, we come to understand it in new ways. We learn to take in the author’s language; to heed details and their relation to the overall meaning; to sense subtle contradictions and ironies; and to enjoy the rhythms and sounds. Each work has its own internal laws; each must be approached on its own terms. I could not wait to begin.

I went down to the cafeteria during lunch to announce the clubs and sign up a few interested students. Suddenly girls were crowding around me asking if they could join. I drew up a list and a long waiting list. The newly formed clubs met that week; I had each group choose a book out of several options I gave them. The fourth graders chose A Little Princess; the fifth graders chose A Wrinkle in Time . (I found, upon reading A Wrinkle in Time this time around, that it was good but not great; I will not offer it next time.)

We began meeting once a week, during their lunch period. I prepared and distributed questions and vocabulary a week in advance, in order to guide discussion; and discussion never sagged. In all our meetings, the time has gone by too quickly, with hands waving in the air, girls volunteering to read, lots of interesting discussions and debates. One day the fifth graders debated the question of free will on the planet of Camazotz in A Wrinkle in Time; the fourth graders discussed the irony of Sara Crewe’s letter to her father about her “Last Doll.” Girls have brought in their own questions for discussion; one girl asked how Sara’s friendship with Ermengarde would change after she became poor.

The girls respond intensely to the books. The closer we read, the richer the discussions are. Sometimes they get carried away with “strategies” they have learned before, such as interpreting the cover picture or making predictions at every turn. I keep pointing them to specific passages. Reading them out loud is a delight and a revelation; that is what makes the hands fly. I hope I may do for my students what my best teachers have done for me: they brought excellent books into my life and taught them in a way that made them ring.

Diana Senechal